Biometric Identification - supplement page

Glossary

Behavioural Biometric
                  A biometric which is characterized by a behavioural trait that is learnt and
                  acquired over time rather than a physiological characteristic.
Biometric
                  A measurable, physical characteristic or personal behavioural trait used to
                  recognize the identity, or verify the claimed identity, of an enrollee.
Biometric Engine
                  The software element of the biometric system which processes biometric
                  data during the stages of enrollment and capture, extraction, comparison
                  and matching.
Enrollee
                  A person who has a biometric reference template on file.
Enrollment
                  The process of collecting biometric samples from a person and the
                  subsequent preparation and storage of biometric reference templates
                  representing that person's identity.
Extraction
                  The process of converting a captured biometric sample into biometric data
                  so that it can be compared to a reference template.
False Acceptance Rate/FAR
                  The probability that a biometric system will incorrectly identify an individual
                  or will fail to reject an impostor. It is stated as follows:
                  FAR = NFA / NIIA, or
                  FAR = NFA / NIVA
                  where FAR is the false acceptance rate
                  NFA is the number of false acceptances
                  NIIA is the number of impostor identification attempts
                  NIVA is the number of impostor verification attempts
False Rejection Rate/FRR
                  The probability that a biometric system will fail to identify an enrollee, or
                  verify the legitimate claimed identity of an enrollee. It is stated as follows:
                  FRR = NFR / NEIA, or
                  FRR = NFR / NEVA
                  where FRR is the false rejection rate
                  NFR is the number of false rejections
                  NEIA is the number of enrollee identification attempts
                  NEVA is the number of enrollee verification attempts
Identification/Identify
                  The one-to-many process of comparing a submitted biometric sample
                  against all of the biometric reference templates on file to determine whether
                  it matches any of the templates and, if so, the identity of the enrollee whose
                  template was matched. The biometric system using the one-to-many
                  approach is seeking to find an identity amongst a database rather than verify
                  a claimed identity. Contrast with 'Verification'.
Latent
                  An impression of a finger image collected from a crime scene.
Live Capture
                  The process of capturing a biometric sample by an interaction between an
                 end user and a biometric system.
One-To-Many
                  Synonym for 'Identification'.
One-To-One
                  Synonym for 'Verification'.
Template/Reference Template
                  Data which represents the biometric measurement of an enrollee used by a
                  biometric system for comparison against subsequently submitted biometric
                  samples.
Verification/Verify
                  The process of comparing a submitted biometric sample against the
                  biometric reference template of a single enrollee whose identity is being
                  claimed, to determine whether it matches the enrollee's template. Contrast
                  with 'Identification'.

Links

[] International Biometric Group, Zephyr(tm) Analysis 2.3 [referred 31.10.1998]
<http://www.biometricgroup.com/ddmain/analyses/zeph_ex.htm>

[] Rothfeder, J, You Are For Sale, PC World, 1998, September

[] Penttinen H, Technical Specification of EID-system: common requirements for the pilot-projects 24.11.1997 [referred 25.10.1998]
<http://www.vn.fi/vm/suomi/muuta/hst/technica.htm>

[] Phillips K, Biometric identification looms on landscape of network log-ins, PC Week online, March 26, 1997 [referred 2.11.1998]
<http://www8.zdnet.com/pcweek/reviews/0324/24bio.html>

[] Roethenbaugh G (ICSA), All Aboard the Privacy Train: The Changing Face of World Trade, 13.8.1998 [referred 28.10.1998]
<http://www.icsa.net/services/consortia/cbdc/download/privacy.doc>

[] Chandrasekaran R,Brave New Whorl - ID Systems Using The Human Body Are Here, but Privacy Issues Persist, The Washington Post, Sunday, March 30 1997; Page HO 1 [referred 2.11.1998]
<http://www.biometrics.org/NEWS/wp970330.html>

[] Using X.509 Attribute Certificates for handling biometric templates
<http://www.biometrics.org/html/x.509.html>

[] Davis A,The Body as Password ,Wired Magazine 5.07, Jul 1997, [referred 2.11.1998]
<http://www.wired.com/wired/5.07/biometrics.html>

[] van KralingenE , Prins C, Grijpink J, Using your body as a key; legal aspects of biometrics [referred 2.11.1998]
<http://cwis.kub.nl/~frw/people/kraling/content/biomet.htm>

[] Siemens Semiconductor Gorup, Microsystems for Biometrics - Fingertip CMOS Chip and System Biometrics, Preliminary Data Book 1.0 [Referred 7.11.1998]
<http://www.siemens.de/semiconductor/products/ics/40/pdf/ftpdb.pdf>

[] Comparison of Biometric Identification Methods, AND Identification B.V. [referred 7.11.1998]
<http://www.and.nl/id/gen_biom.html>

[] L. Hong, Y. Wan, and A.K. Jain, "Fingerprint Image Enhancement: Algorithms and Performance Evaluation", IEEE Transactions on PAMI,Vol. 20, No. 8, pp.777-789, August 1998.
<http://web.cps.msu.edu:80/TR/MSUCPS:TR97-35>

[] A.K. Jain, L. Hong, S. Pankanti and R. Bolle, "An Identity Authentication System Using Fingerprints'', Proc. IEEE, Vol. 85, No. 9, pp. 1365-1388, 1997.
< http://web.cps.msu.edu:80/TR/MSUCPS:TR96-44 >

[] A.K. Jain, L. Hong and R. Bolle, "On-line Fingerprint Verification'', IEEE Transactions PAMI, Vol. 19, No. 4, pp. 302-314, 1997.
< http://web.cps.msu.edu:80/TR/MSUCPS:TR96-40 >

[] L. Hong and A.K. Jain, "Integrating Faces and Fingerprints for Personal Identification", Proc. 3rd ACCV, Hong Kong, Jan. 1998.
<http://web.cps.msu.edu:80/TR/MSUCPS:TR97-18>

[] L. Hong, A.K. Jain, R. Bolle and S. Pankanti, "Identity Authentication Using Fingerprints", Proc. of First Int'l Conf. On Audio and Video-Based Biometric Person Authentication, Switzerland, pp. 103-110, March 1997.
< http://web.cps.msu.edu:80/TR/MSUCPS:TR96-43 >

[] L. Hong and A.K. Jain, "Classification of Fingerprint Images", MSU Techical Report, MSUCPS:TR98-18.
< http://web.cps.msu.edu:80/TR/MSUCPS:TR98-18>

[] Thomas J,Starkowski M,Marino V, "Report to the General Assembly DSS Digital Imaging Project - An Overview of the DSS Digital Imaging Project Implementation and First Year Results"
< http://www.dss.state.ct.us/pubs/dirpt98.pdf >

[] Clarke R, Human "Identification in Information Systems: Management Challenges and Public Policy Issues" Xamax Consultancy Pty Ltd, Canberra, Information Technology & People 7,4 (December 1994) 6-37
< http://www.anu.edu.au/people/Roger.Clarke/DV/HumanID.html >

[] Privacy-enhancing Technolgies: The Path to Anonymity, August 1995
< http://www.replay.com/mirror/privacy/ >

[] Chris Brislawn, The FBI Fingerprint Image Compression Standard July 12, 1996.
< http://www.c3.lanl.gov/~brislawn/FBI/FBI.html >

[] NIST Computer Security Handbook DRAFT
< http://bilbo.isu.edu/security/isl/hk_i&a.html >

[] Ashbourn J, Implementing Biometric Systems, Association for Biometrics
< http://www.afb.org.uk/ja00002.html >

[] Joseph P. Campbell, Jr., Lisa A. Alyea, and Jeffrey S. Dunn, Government Applications and Operations, Biometric Consortium, November 1997,
< http://www.biometrics.org/REPORTS/CTSTG96/ >

[] Tokeneer - User Authentication Techniques using Public Key Certificates
Part 1: Certificate Options, 24 December 1997
< http://www.biometrics.org/REPORTS/cert_stu_pt1.pdf >

Further information (directories, link lists):

Propaganda - New World Order - Biometrics
<http://www.disinfo.com/prop/newordr/prop_newordr_biometrics.html>

Association for Biometrics (AfB) and International Computer Security Association (ICSA), 1998 Glossary of Biometric Terms
<http://www.icsa.net/services/consortia/cbdc/glossus1.shtml>

Biometrics.org - publications
< http://www.biometrics.org/html/publications.html >

Examples of biometric systems
< http://www.biometrics.org/html/examples.html >

Biometric System Lab, Cesena, Italy.
< http://www.csr.unibo.it/research/biolab/research.htm >

Biometric Digest
< http://webusers.anet-stl.com/~wrogers/biometrics/ >
< http://www.dss.state.ct.us/digital.htm >

The Smart Card Resource Center
< http://www.smart-card.com/ >

SJB Research
< http://www.sjb.co.uk/ >

Fight the Fingerprint
< http://www.networkusa.org/fingerprint.shtml >

The Face Recognition Home Page
< http://www.cs.rug.nl/~peterkr/FACE/face.html >

A good link list
< http://www.sprog.auc.dk/~magnus/MHonArc/NTSEC/msg07837.html >